Definition: Special characters are special symbols that go beyond the alphanumeric character set, i.e. letters and numbers. These include symbols such as #, @, %, &, * and many more. In a wide variety of contexts, special characters carry specific semantic or functional meanings - from programming languages to mathematical notations to text structuring and formatting. Their importance also extends to digital platforms, particularly in social media and Google SERPs. Here, they can help make content stand out, improve readability, and convey information in an effective way. They play a crucial role in improving visibility and engagement in social media posts, as well as improving rankings in Google SERPs.
Unicode block arrows ↠
The Unicode block "Arrows"(English: "Arrows") contains various arrow symbols that can be used for different purposes. These arrow symbols range from simple arrows used in textual contexts to special arrows used in mathematical or technical notations.
| Unicode number | Characters | Official designation | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| U+2190 (8592) | ← | LEFTWARDS ARROW | Left arrow |
| U+2191 (8593) | ↑ | UPWARDS ARROW | Arrow up |
| U+2192 (8594) | → | RIGHTWARDS ARROW | Right arrow |
| U+2193 (8595) | ↓ | DOWNWARDS ARROW | Down arrow |
| U+2194 (8596) | ↔ | LEFT RIGHT ARROW | Left and right arrow |
| U+2195 (8597) | ↕ | UP DOWN ARROW | Arrow up and down |
| U+2196 (8598) | ↖ | NORTH WEST ARROW | Northwest arrow |
| U+2197 (8599) | ↗ | NORTH EAST ARROW | Arrow to the northeast |
| U+2198 (8600) | ↘ | SOUTH EAST ARROW | Southeast arrow |
| U+2199 (8601) | ↙ | SOUTH WEST ARROW | Southwest arrow |
| U+219A (8602) | ↚ | LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH STROKE | Crossed out arrow to the left |
| U+219B (8603) | ↛ | RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH STROKE | Crossed out arrow to the right |
| U+219C (8604) | ↜ | LEFTWARDS WAVE ARROW | Wavy arrow to the left |
| U+219D (8605) | ↝ | RIGHTWARDS WAVE ARROW | Wavy arrow to the right |
| U+219E (8606) | ↞ | LEFTWARDS TWO HEADED ARROW | Arrow to the left with double tip |
| U+219F (8607) | ↟ | UPWARDS TWO HEADED ARROW | Arrow up with double tip |
| U+21A0 (8608) | ↠ | RIGHTWARDS TWO HEADED ARROW | Arrow to the right with double tip |
| U+21A1 (8609) | ↡ | DOWNWARDS TWO HEADED ARROW | Arrow down with double tip |
| U+21A2 (8610) | ↢ | LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL | Left arrow with tail |
| U+21A3 (8611) | ↣ | RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL | Right arrow with tail |
| U+21A4 (8612) | ↤ | LEFTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR | Arrow left from crossbar |
| U+21A5 (8613) | ↥ | UPWARDS ARROW FROM BAR | Arrow up from crossbar |
| U+21A6 (8614) | ↦ | RIGHTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR | Right arrow from crossbar |
| U+21A7 (8615) | ↧ | DOWNWARDS ARROW FROM BAR | Arrow down from crossbar |
| U+21A8 (8616) | ↨ | UP DOWN ARROW WITH BASE | Underlined up and down arrow |
| U+21A9 (8617) | ↩ | LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH HOOK | Left arrow with hook |
| U+21AA (8618) | ↪ | RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH HOOK | Right arrow with hook |
| U+21AB (8619) | ↫ | LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH LOOP | Arrow to the left with rotation |
| U+21AC (8620) | ↬ | RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH LOOP | Arrow to the right with rotation |
| U+21AD (8621) | ↭ | LEFT RIGHT WAVE ARROW | Wavy arrow to the left and right |
| U+21AE (8622) | ↮ | LEFT RIGHT ARROW WITH STROKE | Crossed out arrow to the left and right |
| U+21AF (8623) | ↯ | DOWNWARDS ZIGZAG ARROW | Flash Arrow |
| U+21B0 (8624) | ↰ | UPWARDS ARROW WITH TIP LEFTWARDS | Arrow up with tip to the left |
| U+21B1 (8625) | ↱ | UPWARDS ARROW WITH TIP RIGHTWARDS | Arrow up with point to the right |
| U+21B2 (8626) | ↲ | DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH TIP LEFTWARDS | Down arrow with tip to the left |
| U+21B3 (8627) | ↳ | DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH TIP RIGHTWARDS | Down arrow with point to the right |
| U+21B4 (8628) | ↴ | RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH CORNER DOWNWARDS | Angled right and down arrow |
| U+21B5 (8629) | ↵ | DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH CORNER LEFTWARDS | Angled down and left arrow (Enter key icon) |
| U+21B6 (8630) | ↶ | ANTICLOCKWISE TOP SEMICIRCLE ARROW | Upper semicircle arrow counterclockwise |
| U+21B7 (8631) | ↷ | CLOCKWISE TOP SEMICIRCLE ARROW | Upper semicircle arrow clockwise |
| U+21B8 (8632) | ↸ | NORTH WEST ARROW TO LONG BAR | Northwest arrow to long crossbar |
| U+21B9 (8633) | ↹ | LEFTWARDS ARROW TO BAR OVER RIGHTWARDS ARROW TO BAR | Left arrow to crossbar via Right arrow to crossbar (keyboard symbol for the tab key) |
| U+21BA (8634) | ↺ | ANTICLOCKWISE OPEN CIRCLE ARROW | Circle arrow counterclockwise |
| U+21BB (8635) | ↻ | CLOCKWISE OPEN CIRCLE ARROW | Circle arrow clockwise |
| U+21BC (8636) | ↼ | LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UPWARDS | Harpoon turned to the left and upwards |
| U+21BD (8637) | ↽ | LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWNWARDS | Harpoon turned to the left and downwards |
| U+21BE (8638) | ↾ | UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHTWARDS | Harpoon rotated up and to the right |
| U+21BF (8639) | ↿ | UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFTWARDS | Harpoon turned up and to the left |
| U+21C0 (8640) | ⇀ | RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UPWARDS | Harpoon rotated to the right and upwards |
| U+21C1 (8641) | ⇁ | RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWNWARDS | Harpoon rotated to the right and downwards |
| U+21C2 (8642) | ⇂ | DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHTWARDS | Harpoon down and rotated to the right |
| U+21C3 (8643) | ⇃ | DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFTWARDS | Harpoon down and turned to the left |
| U+21C4 (8644) | ⇄ | RIGHTWARDS ARROW OVER LEFTWARDS ARROW | Right arrow over Left arrow |
| U+21C5 (8645) | ⇅ | UPWARDS ARROW LEFTWARDS OF DOWNWARDS ARROW | Up arrow to the left of Down arrow |
| U+21C6 (8646) | ⇆ | LEFTWARDS ARROW OVER RIGHTWARDS ARROW | Left arrow over Right arrow |
| U+21C7 (8647) | ⇇ | LEFTWARDS PAIRED ARROWS | Paired arrows to the left |
| U+21C8 (8648) | ⇈ | UPWARDS PAIRED ARROWS | Paired arrows up |
| U+21C9 (8649) | ⇉ | RIGHTWARDS PAIRED ARROWS | Paired arrows to the right |
| U+21CA (8650) | ⇊ | DOWNWARDS PAIRED ARROWS | Paired down arrows |
| U+21CB (8651) | ⇋ | LEFTWARDS HARPOON OVER RIGHTWARDS HARPOON | Harpoon to the left over harpoon to the right |
| U+21CC (8652) | ⇌ | RIGHTWARDS HARPOON OVER LEFTWARDS HARPOON | Harpoon to the right over harpoon to the left |
| U+21CD (8653) | ⇍ | LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW WITH STROKE | Crossed out thick arrow to the left |
| U+21CE (8654) | ⇎ | LEFT RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW WITH STROKE | Crossed out thick arrow to the left and right |
| U+21CF (8655) | ⇏ | RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW WITH STROKE | Crossed out thick arrow to the right |
| U+21D0 (8656) | ⇐ | LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW | Thick arrow to the left |
| U+21D1 (8657) | ⇑ | UPWARDS DOUBLE ARROW | Thick arrow up |
| U+21D2 (8658) | ⇒ | RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW | Thick arrow to the right |
| U+21D3 (8659) | ⇓ | DOWNWARDS DOUBLE ARROW | Thick arrow down |
| U+21D4 (8660) | ⇔ | LEFT RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW | Thick arrow to the left and right |
| U+21D5 (8661) | ⇕ | UP DOWN DOUBLE ARROW | Thick arrow up and down |
| U+21D6 (8662) | ⇖ | NORTH WEST DOUBLE ARROW | Thick arrow to the northwest |
| U+21D7 (8663) | ⇗ | NORTH EAST DOUBLE ARROW | Thick arrow to the northeast |
| U+21D8 (8664) | ⇘ | SOUTH EAST DOUBLE ARROW | Thick arrow southeast |
| U+21D9 (8665) | ⇙ | SOUTH WEST DOUBLE ARROW | Thick arrow to the southwest |
| U+21DA (8666) | ⇚ | LEFTWARDS TRIPLE ARROW | Very thick arrow to the left |
| U+21DB (8667) | ⇛ | RIGHTWARDS TRIPLE ARROW | Very thick arrow to the right |
| U+21DC (8668) | ⇜ | LEFTWARDS SQUIGGLE ARROW | Blurred left arrow |
| U+21DD (8669) | ⇝ | RIGHTWARDS SQUIGGLE ARROW | Blurred right arrow |
| U+21DE (8670) | ⇞ | UPWARDS ARROW WITH DOUBLE STROKE | Double crossed out arrow pointing upwards |
| U+21DF (8671) | ⇟ | DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH DOUBLE STROKE | Double crossed out down arrow |
| U+21E0 (8672) | ⇠ | LEFTWARDS DASHED ARROW | Dotted arrow to the left |
| U+21E1 (8673) | ⇡ | UPWARDS DASHED ARROW | Dotted arrow up |
| U+21E2 (8674) | ⇢ | RIGHTWARDS DASHED ARROW | Dotted arrow to the right |
| U+21E3 (8675) | ⇣ | DOWNWARDS DASHED ARROW | Dotted arrow down |
| U+21E4 (8676) | ⇤ | LEFTWARDS ARROW TO BAR | Left arrow to the horizontal bar (keyboard symbol for the backward tab character) |
| U+21E5 (8677) | ⇥ | RIGHTWARDS ARROW TO BAR | Right arrow to the horizontal bar (keyboard symbol for the horizontal tab character) |
| U+21E6 (8678) | ⇦ | LEFTWARDS WHITE ARROW | White arrow to the left |
| U+21E7 (8679) | ⇧ | UPWARDS WHITE ARROW | White arrow pointing up (keyboard symbol for the shift key) |
| U+21E8 (8680) | ⇨ | RIGHTWARDS WHITE ARROW | White arrow to the right |
| U+21E9 (8681) | ⇩ | DOWNWARDS WHITE ARROW | White arrow pointing down (keyboard symbol for the toggle lock) |
| U+21EA (8682) | ⇪ | UPWARDS WHITE ARROW FROM BAR | White arrow up from crossbar |
| U+21EB (8683) | ⇫ | UPWARDS WHITE ARROW ON PEDESTAL | White arrow up on pedestal |
| U+21EC (8684) | ⇬ | UPWARDS WHITE ARROW ON PEDESTAL WITH HORIZONTAL BAR | White arrow pointing up on pedestal with horizontal bar |
| U+21ED (8685) | ⇭ | UPWARDS WHITE ARROW ON PEDESTAL WITH VERTICAL BAR | White arrow up on pedestal with vertical line |
| U+21EE (8686) | ⇮ | UPWARDS WHITE DOUBLE ARROW | Thick white arrow up |
| U+21EF (8687) | ⇯ | UPWARDS WHITE DOUBLE ARROW ON PEDESTAL | Thick white arrow up on pedestal |
| U+21F0 (8688) | ⇰ | RIGHTWARDS WHITE ARROW FROM WALL | White arrow to the right from wall |
| U+21F1 (8689) | ⇱ | NORTH WEST ARROW TO CORNER | Northwest arrow to corner |
| U+21F2 (8690) | ⇲ | SOUTH EAST ARROW TO CORNER | Arrow southeast to the corner |
| U+21F3 (8691) | ⇳ | UP DOWN WHITE ARROW | White arrow up and down |
| U+21F4 (8692) | ⇴ | RIGHT ARROW WITH SMALL CIRCLE | Arrow right with circle |
| U+21F5 (8693) | ⇵ | DOWNWARDS ARROW LEFTWARDS OF UPWARDS ARROW | Down arrow to the left of Up arrow |
| U+21F6 (8694) | ⇶ | THREE RIGHTWARDS ARROWS | Three arrows to the right |
| U+21F7 (8695) | ⇷ | LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE | Arrow to the left with vertical line |
| U+21F8 (8696) | ⇸ | RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE | Arrow to the right with vertical line |
| U+21F9 (8697) | ⇹ | LEFT RIGHT ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE | Arrow to the left and right with vertical line |
| U+21FA (8698) | ⇺ | LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE | Left arrow with double vertical line |
| U+21FB (8699) | ⇻ | RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE | Arrow to the right with double vertical stroke |
| U+21FC (8700) | ⇼ | LEFT RIGHT ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE | Left and right arrow with double vertical line |
| U+21FD (8701) | ⇽ | LEFTWARDS OPEN-HEADED ARROW | Left arrow with hollow arrowhead |
| U+21FE (8702) | ⇾ | RIGHTWARDS OPEN-HEADED ARROW | Arrow to the right with hollow arrowhead |
| U+21FF (8703) | ⇿ | LEFT RIGHT OPEN-HEADED ARROW | Left and right arrow with hollow arrowhead |
Unicode block smileys 😉
The Unicode block Smileys (Emoticons, U+1F600 to U+1F64F) is a special area in the Unicode character set that contains a variety of graphical representations of emotions and facial expressions. These characters are commonly known as "smileys" and are often used in text messages, chat conversations, emails, and social media to express emotions and moods.
The Unicode block Smileys includes a wide range of emoticons, from simple smiling faces to more complex expressions such as joy, sadness, surprise, anger and many more. Each smiley is represented by a specific Unicode code that allows it to be displayed in digital texts.
| Unicode number | Characters | Official designation | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| U+1F600 (128512) | 😀 | Grinning face | GRINNING FACE |
| U+1F601 (128513) | 😁 | Grinning face with smiling eyes | GRINNING FACE WITH SMILING EYES |
| U+1F602 (128514) | 😂 | Face with tears of joy | FACE WITH TEARS OF JOY |
| U+1F603 (128515) | 😃 | Face with open mouth | SMILING FACE WITH OPEN MOUTH |
| U+1F604 (128516) | 😄 | Face with open mouth and smiling eyes | SMILING FACE WITH OPEN MOUTH AND SMILING EYES |
| U+1F605 (128517) | 😅 | Face with open mouth and tear of sweat | SMILING FACE WITH OPEN MOUTH AND COLD SWEAT |
| U+1F606 (128518) | 😆 | Face with open mouth and spasmodically closed eyes | SMILING FACE WITH OPEN MOUTH AND TIGHTLY-CLOSED EYES |
| U+1F607 (128519) | 😇 | Angel face | SMILING FACE WITH HALO |
| U+1F608 (128520) | 😈 | Devil face | SMILING FACE WITH HORNS |
| U+1F609 (128521) | 😉 | Wink face | WINKING FACE |
| U+1F60A (128522) | 😊 | Radiant face | SMILING FACE WITH SMILING EYES |
| U+1F60B (128523) | 😋 | Face licking off with tongue | FACE SAVOURING DELICIOUS FOOD |
| U+1F60C (128524) | 😌 | Relieved face | RELIEVED FACE |
| U+1F60D (128525) | 😍 | Face in love | SMILING FACE WITH HEART-SHAPED EYES |
| U+1F60E (128526) | 😎 | Face with sunglasses | SMILING FACE WITH SUNGLASSES |
| U+1F60F (128527) | 😏 | Grinning face | SMIRKING FACE |
| U+1F610 (128528) | 😐 | Neutral face | NEUTRAL FACE |
| U+1F611 (128529) | 😑 | Expressionless face | EXPRESSIONLESS FACE |
| U+1F612 (128530) | 😒 | Not pleased face | UNAMUSED FACE |
| U+1F613 (128531) | 😓 | Face with sweat tear | FACE WITH COLD SWEAT |
| U+1F614 (128532) | 😔 | Thoughtful face | PENSIVE FACE |
| U+1F615 (128533) | 😕 | Confused face | CONFUSED FACE |
| U+1F616 (128534) | 😖 | Dismayed face | CONFOUNDED FACE |
| U+1F617 (128535) | 😗 | Kissing face | KISSING FACE |
| U+1F618 (128536) | 😘 | Kiss throwing face | FACE THROWING A KISS |
| U+1F619 (128537) | 😙 | Kissing face with smiling eyes | KISSING FACE WITH SMILING EYES |
| U+1F61A (128538) | 😚 | Kissing face with closed eyes | KISSING FACE WITH CLOSED EYES |
| U+1F61B (128539) | 😛 | Tongue sticking out face | FACE WITH STUCK-OUT TONGUE |
| U+1F61C (128540) | 😜 | Winking, tongue sticking out face | FACE WITH STUCK-OUT TONGUE AND WINKING EYE |
| U+1F61D (128541) | 😝 | Tongue sticking out face with spasmodically closed eyes | FACE WITH STUCK-OUT TONGUE AND TIGHTLY-CLOSED EYES |
| U+1F61E (128542) | 😞 | Disappointed face | DISAPPOINTED FACE |
| U+1F61F (128543) | 😟 | Concerned face | WORRIED FACE |
| U+1F620 (128544) | 😠 | Angry face | ANGRY FACE |
| U+1F621 (128545) | 😡 | Pouty face | POUTING FACE |
| U+1F622 (128546) | 😢 | Crying face | CRYING FACE |
| U+1F623 (128547) | 😣 | Persistent face | PERSEVERING FACE |
| U+1F624 (128548) | 😤 | Face with nose steam | FACE WITH STEAM FROM NOSE |
| U+1F625 (128549) | 😥 | Disappointed but relieved face | DISAPPOINTED BUT RELIEVED FACE |
| U+1F626 (128550) | 😦 | FROWNING FACE WITH OPEN MOUTH | |
| U+1F627 (128551) | 😧 | ANGUISHED FACE | |
| U+1F628 (128552) | 😨 | Anxious face | FEARFUL FACE |
| U+1F629 (128553) | 😩 | Tired face | WEARY FACE |
| U+1F62A (128554) | 😪 | Sleepy face | SLEEPY FACE |
| U+1F62B (128555) | 😫 | Tired face | TIRED FACE |
| U+1F62C (128556) | 😬 | Grimace face | GRIMACING FACE |
| U+1F62D (128557) | 😭 | Howling face | LOUDLY CRYING FACE |
| U+1F62E (128558) | 😮 | FACE WITH OPEN MOUTH | |
| U+1F62F (128559) | 😯 | HUSHED FACE | |
| U+1F630 (128560) | 😰 | Face with open mouth and tear of sweat | FACE WITH OPEN MOUTH AND COLD SWEAT |
| U+1F631 (128561) | 😱 | Screaming face | FACE SCREAMING IN FEAR |
| U+1F632 (128562) | 😲 | Surprised face | ASTONISHED FACE |
| U+1F633 (128563) | 😳 | Reddened face | FLUSHED FACE |
| U+1F634 (128564) | 😴 | Sleeping face | SLEEPING FACE |
| U+1F635 (128565) | 😵 | Dizzy face | DIZZY FACE |
| U+1F636 (128566) | 😶 | Face without mouth | FACE WITHOUT MOUTH |
| U+1F637 (128567) | 😷 | Face with protective mask | FACE WITH MEDICAL MASK |
| U+1F638 (128568) | 😸 | Smiling cat face | GRINNING CAT FACE WITH SMILING EYES |
| U+1F639 (128569) | 😹 | Cat face with tears of joy | CAT FACE WITH TEARS OF JOY |
| U+1F63A (128570) | 😺 | Laughing cat face | SMILING CAT FACE WITH OPEN MOUTH |
| U+1F63B (128571) | 😻 | Cat face in love | SMILING CAT FACE WITH HEART-SHAPED EYES |
| U+1F63C (128572) | 😼 | Mocking cat face | CAT FACE WITH WRY SMILE |
| U+1F63D (128573) | 😽 | Kissing cat face | KISSING CAT FACE WITH CLOSED EYES |
| U+1F63E (128574) | 😾 | Pouty cat face | POUTING CAT FACE |
| U+1F63F (128575) | 😿 | Crying cat face | CRYING CAT FACE |
| U+1F640 (128576) | 🙀 | Tired cat face | WEARY CAT FACE |
| U+1F641 (128577) | 🙁 | Slightly sad face | SLIGHTLY FROWNING FACE |
| U+1F642 (128578) | 🙂 | Slightly smiling face | SLIGHTLY SMILING FACE |
| U+1F643 (128579) | 🙃 | Face upside down | UPSIDE-DOWN FACE |
| U+1F644 (128580) | 🙄 | Face with rolling eyes | FACE WITH ROLLING EYES |
| U+1F645 (128581) | 🙅 | Rejecting face | FACE WITH NO GOOD GESTURE |
| U+1F646 (128582) | 🙆 | Accepting face | FACE WITH OK GESTURE |
| U+1F647 (128583) | 🙇 | Bowing person | PERSON BOWING DEEPLY |
| U+1F648 (128584) | 🙈 | Monkey closing eyes | SEE-NO-EVIL MONKEY |
| U+1F649 (128585) | 🙉 | Ears closing monkey | HEAR-NO-EVIL MONKEY |
| U+1F64A (128586) | 🙊 | Mouth closing monkey | SPEAK-NO-EVIL MONKEY |
| U+1F64B (128587) | 🙋 | Raising hand happy person | HAPPY PERSON RAISING ONE HAND |
| U+1F64C (128588) | 🙌 | Both hands raising happy person | PERSON RAISING BOTH HANDS IN CELEBRATION |
| U+1F64D (128589) | 🙍 | Sad person | PERSON FROWNING |
| U+1F64E (128590) | 🙎 | Pouting person | PERSON WITH POUTING FACE |
| U+1F64F (128591) | 🙏 | Praying person | PERSON WITH FOLDED HANDS |
Frequently asked questions
Special characters are special symbols that are not part of the normal letters or numbers we use in the alphabet. They can be used in many different contexts and there are many different types of special characters. Here are some examples:
Punctuation: These characters help us to make sentences and their meanings clear. Examples are period (.), comma (,), question mark (?), exclamation mark (!), and quotation marks (" or ').
Mathematical charactersThese signs are used in mathematics and sometimes in other sciences. Examples are plus (+), minus (-), times (* or x), divided (/), equals (=), greater than (>), less than (<), and so on.
Symbols for specific things: Some special characters stand for certain things or ideas. Examples include the dollar sign ($), which stands for money, the percent sign (%), which stands for percentages, the at sign (@), which is often used in email addresses, and the hashtag (#), which is used in social media.
Diacritical marks: These are markings added to a letter to change its pronunciation. Examples are umlauts in German (ä, ö, ü) and accents in French (é, è, ê, ô).
In most languages we use, there are no "extra" characters in our alphabet. Alphabets like the ones we use for German, English, Greek and other languages have a certain number of letters. Each letter stands for itself.
Take, for example, the alphabet we use for German and English. It has 26 letters, from A to Z (and from a to z when we add the lowercase letters). There are no "extra" characters in these 26 letters.
But some languages add a few characters to these 26 letters to change the pronunciation of a letter. For example, in German we have the characters ä, ö, ü and in French there are characters like é, è, ê, ô.
Then there are other characters we use when writing, such as commas, periods, and question marks. But these characters are not letters.
German 
